Neural Networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute the human brain. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks, most commonly applied to analysing images. Deep Learning uses large CNNs to solve complex problems difficult or impossible to solve with so-called conventional computer vision algorithms.

Deep Learning algorithms may be easier to use as they typically learn by example. They do not require the user to figure out how to classify or inspect parts. Instead, in an initial training phase, they learn just by being shown many images of the parts to be inspected. After successful training, they can be used to classify parts, or detect and segment defects.